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Sir Alfred Brian Pippard, ScD, FRS (7 September 1920 – 21 September 2008), was a British physicist. He was Cavendish Professor of Physics from 1971 until 1984 and an Honorary Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, of which he was the first President. He was educated at Clifton College. Pippard demonstrated the reality, as opposed to the mere abstract concept, of Fermi surfaces in metals by establishing the shape of the Fermi surface of copper through measuring the reflection and absorption of microwave electromagnetic radiation (see the anomalous skin effect 〔N. W. Ashcroft, and N. D. Mermin, ''Solid State Physics'' (Thompson Learning, Inc., London, 1976), Chapter 14, ''Measuring the Fermi Surface'', p. 277, ''Anomalous Skin Effect''. ISBN 0-03-083993-9. See ''Classical skin depth''.〕). He also introduced the notion of coherence length in superconductors in his proposal for the non-local generalisation of the Londons' equations〔F. London, ''Superfluids'', Vol. I: ''Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity'' (Dover Publications, New York, 1961), p. 152.〕 concerning electrodynamics in superfluids and superconductors. The non-local kernel proposed by Pippard, inferred on the basis of Chambers' non-local generalisation of Ohm's law) can be deduced within the framework of the BCS (Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer) theory of superconductivity〔J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, ''Theory of Superconductivity'', Phys. Rev., Vol. 108, No. 5, pp. 1175-1204 (1957). (APS (Free Download) )〕 (a comprehensive description of the details of the London-Pippard theory can be found in the book by Fetter and Walecka〔A. L. Fetter, and J. D. Walecka, ''Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems'' (Dover Publications, New York, 2003), Chapter 13, ''Superconductivity'', Section 49, ''London-Pippard Phenomenological Theory''. ISBN 0-486-42827-3.〕). Pippard was the author of ''Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics'',〔A. B. Pippard, ''Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics'' (Cambridge University Press, 1957). ISBN 0-521-09101-2.〕 ''Dynamics of Conduction Electrons'',〔A. B. Pippard, ''Dynamics of Conduction Electrons'', Documents on Modern Physics (Gordon & Beach, 1965).〕 and ''The Physics of Vibration''.〔A. B. Pippard, ''The Physics of Vibration'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007). ISBN 0-521-03333-0.〕 He is also a co-author of the three-volumes encyclopaedia ''Twentieth Century Physics''.〔Laurie M. Brown, Abraham Pais, and Brian Pippard, ''Twentieth Century Physics'' (Institute of Physics Publishing, 1995): Vol. I, 808 p., ISBN 0-7503-0353-0, Vol. II, 808 p., ISBN 0-7503-0354-9, Vol. III, 960 p., ISBN 0-7503-0355-7.〕 As the Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, he complied ''Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics'',〔A. B. Pippard, ''Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics'' (Pamphlet) (Cambridge University Press, 1962). A. B. Pippard, ''Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics'' (Pamphlet), 64 p. (Cambridge University Press, 1971)〕 based in large part on past examination questions for Cambridge physics students. Pippard was the doctoral supervisor of Brian David Josephson (awarded PhD in Physics in 1964) who in 1973 received the Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) for his discovery of what is known as the Josephson effect.〔B. D. Josephson, ''Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling'', Phys. Lett., Vol. 1, pp. 251-253 (1962).〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brian Pippard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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